我国低品位油气资源开发面临的问题及对策研究

目前,我国油气资源供求矛盾日益突出,加强对低品位油气资源开发,对缓解我国油气资源短缺的局面,实现油气工业的可持续发展具有重要意义。本文在概述我国低品位油气资源概念和开发现状的基础上,深入剖析了我国低品位油气资源开发面临的主要问题,包括税收过重、关键技术缺乏、体制机制不健全、环境污染等方面。针对这些问题提出了促进我国低品位油气资源开发的相应对策和建议。     

榆林地区地质环境特征与地质灾害的关系

本文阐述了榆林市地质环境特征与地质灾害分布特征的关系, 本区主要地质灾害有滑坡、泥石流、地面塌陷等, 地质灾害的诱发因素可分为自然因素和人为因素, 其中人为因素对地质灾害的发生发展影响很大。针对这些现象, 提出了地质灾害的防治措施, 以促进地质环境与经济建设的和谐发展。     

Analysis of catchment evapotranspiration at different scales using bottom-up and top-down approaches

Physically-based hydrological models are used to predict catchment water balance through detailed simulation of hydrological processes at small temporal and spatial scales. However, annual catchment water balance can also be easily and simply predicted using lumped conceptual model. Comparison between physically-based hydrological models and lumped conceptual models can help us understand the dominant factors on catchment water balance at different scales. In this paper, a distributed physically-based hydrological model (i.e., bottom-up approach) and a simple water-energy balance model (i.e., top-down approach) are used to predict actual evapotranspiration in nine sub-catchments, and the whole basin of the Luan River in northern China. Both simulations give very close values of annual evapotranspiration and show the same complementary relationship between actual and potential evapotranspiration at annual time scale. From the analysis at different time scales through comparison of the top-down and the bottom-up methods, it is shown that the annual catchment evapotranspiration is controlled mainly by annual precipitation and potential evapotranspiration, and the variability of soil water and vegetation becomes more important at a smaller time scale in the study areas. It is also known that the relationship between potential and actual evapotranspiration shows a highly nonlinear relationship at the annual and catchment scale but can be simplified to a linear relationship at hourly temporal and hillslope scales, which is commonly used in the physically-based hydrological models.     

特高压输电线路电磁环境研究的matlab实现

利用matlab软件对交流特高压输电线路的工频电场、工频磁场进行了详细的仿真研究,分别介绍了仿真模型的建立方法和程序的具体模块,并采用算例进行仿真,仿真结果表明,避雷线对输电线周围电磁场没有太大影响,而导线对地高度越高,地面附近的电场强度越弱。由此结果可见,采用增加导线对地高度等措施可以减小输电线路下的工频电场。仿真结果对特高压输电线路的建设有一定的指导意义。     

基于ERA的统计能量分析参数确定方法

统计能量分析（SEA）是解决复杂结构高频动力学问题的有效方法,正确估计统计能量分析参数则是利用该方法得到可靠分析结果的关键。论文基于特征系统实现算法(ERA)提出一种确定统计能量分析参数的方法,首先应用ERA辨识统计能量分析系统的最小阶功率流模型,然后利用辨识模型的特征对修正初始统计能量分析模型,进而得到较精确、可靠的参数。三子系统SEA模型的仿真结果验证了利用该方法得到的统计能量分析参数的正确性,而且在一定测量噪声干扰下仍能保持较好的精度。最后,对铝蜂窝夹层结构小卫星的SEA模型进行了仿真,进一步验证了算法可应用于复杂结构的统计能量分析参数识别。     

基于LabVIEW软件开发测试系统的关键技术研究

研究了利用LabVIEW虚拟仪器软件开发实际测试系统过程中可能遇到的信号连续采集、波形数据的存储与回放、菜单的实现与报表设计等关键技术,并提出了一些相应的处理方法。     

基于MapInfo的数字矿区设计及实现

以山西某矿区为例,对基于MapInfo数字化矿区建设中的制图、数据组织方式及系统架构和系统功能进行分析和设计,很好地解决了小区建筑、小区娱乐设施、管线等一体化管理及拓扑关系建立的若干问题。     

The Role of Collaborative Reflection on Shaping Engineering Faculty Teaching Approaches

Over the last several years, engineering faculty and learning scientists from four universities worked in collaboration to develop educational materials to improve the quality of faculty teaching and student learning. Guided by the How People Learn (HPL) framework, engineering faculty worked in collaboration with learning scientists to develop learner‐centered, student‐focused instructional methods. In consultation with learning scientists, engineering faculty carried out educational inquiry in their classrooms aimed at investigating student learning and enhancing instruction. In this paper we discuss the extent to which faculty engaged in these collaborative endeavors and how their teaching approaches differed as a result of their level of engagement. Study findings reveal the role that collaborative reflection plays in shaping teaching approaches. Results from this study provide insights for researchers and other practitioners in engineering and higher education interested in implementing engineering faculty development programs to optimize the impact on teaching.     

中国土地用途管制实施障碍的治理途径探析

实施土地用途管制制度是中国土地管理制度和利用方式的重大变革,对保护耕地和粮食供应安全以及协调人口、耕地、粮食和环境之间的关系将产生深远影响。文中详细分析了中国土地用途管制实施过程中产生问题的根源,并结合中国实际,从转变民众观念、加大工作力度、加强法律建设以及完善配套制度等方面提出了解决问题的方法与建议。     

面向概念设计原理解达成度评价方法研究

针对概念设计过程中方案的模糊性,提出1种基于区间重合的概念设计原理解达成度的模糊评价方法,减少设计过程的反复及资源浪费。首先研究效应链拓展,基于功能-效应-结构的映射完成原理结构的建立;其次分析效应链的有效性及功能流;然后结合PDS通过求解模型逆向推理出功能输入流的允许区间,并根据待定系数法建立允许区间内功能流的理想度隶属函数,结合设计区间与允许区间的重合完成功能实现程度的计算,引入分形递归思想,完成概念设计原理解达成度的定量评价;最后应用该方法对桌面式清分扎把机的暂存模块进行评价。研究表明,此模糊评价方法具有较好有效性和实用性,可以提升产品研发的成功率。